Chi sono?

Docker in sviluppo

• Usato dal 2014
• Cross OS
• Niente più ingombranti VM

Docker in prod

Obiettivo: cloud-native, 12-factor app

https://12factor.net/

App realmente pacchettizzata

• NB: solo le app, non i servizi con persistenza!
• Continuous delivery, perché si!

Ambiente speculare dev-prod

Uso "vero" del cloud (Kubernetes)

Container
best practices

Un processo per container

“For example, take a classic Apache/MySQL/PHP stack:
you might be tempted to run all the components in a single container.

However, the best practice is to use 2 or 3 different containers: one for Apache, one for MySQL, and potentially one for PHP if you are running PHP-FPM.”

Best Practices for Building Containers (Google)

Build riproducibili

• Versioni fissate, fino alla patch
• Non persistere cache locale durante la build

FROM debian:9

RUN apt-get update
RUN apt-get install -y nginx
                            

FROM debian:9.5

RUN apt-get update && \
    apt-get install -y nginx
                            

Build rapide

• Immagini più piccole possibili
• Eliminare tutto ciò che non è necessario
• Ottimizzare per la cache di build

Stateless

• Non salvare niente su "disco"
• Log in stdout

Best practices for writing Dockerfiles
(Docker.com documentation)

Docker Compose

Vantaggi

• Tool utile sia in dev che in CI
• Configurazione centralizzata
• Flessibilità e personalizzazione

File di configurazione (1/4)

services:
  php:
    image: php:7.2
    depends_on:
      - mysql
  nginx:
    image: nginx:1.14
    depends_on:
      - php
  mysql:
    image: mysql:8
                

File di configurazione (2/4)

services:
  php:
    volumes:
      - '.:/var/www/facile-it'
    environment:
      SECRET_TOKEN: ********-****-****-****-************
  nginx:
    volumes:
      - './web:/var/www/facile-it/web'
    ports:
      - '127.0.0.10:80:80'
                

File di configurazione (3/4)

services:
  php:
    volumes:
      - '.:/var/www/facile-it'
    environment:
      SECRET_TOKEN: 'insert-your-token-here'
  nginx:
    volumes:
      - './web:/var/www/facile-it/web'
    ports:
      - '80:80'
                

File di configurazione (4/4)

services:
  php:
    volumes:
      - '.:/var/www/facile-it'
  nginx:
    volumes:
      - './web:/var/www/facile-it/web'
                

Dockerfile

Organizzazione in cartelle

• docker
  • base
    • php
      • etc
      • Dockerfile
  • dev
  • prod

1) Estensioni PHP

FROM php:7.2.8-fpm-alpine
RUN apk add --no-cache \
        git \
        icu-dev \
        libmemcached-libs \
        zlib-dev \
    && apk add --no-cache --virtual .ext-build-deps \
        libmemcached-dev \
                    
    && pecl install -o \
        memcached-3.0.4 \
    && docker-php-ext-enable \
        memcached \
    && docker-php-ext-install -j5 \
        intl \
        opcache \
        pdo_mysql \
        zip \
                    
    && apk del .ext-build-deps

2) Utente non-root & Composer

WORKDIR /var/www/facile-it

RUN adduser -D -u 1000 facile-it -G www-data \
    && mkdir -p /home/facile-it \
    && chown -R facile-it /home/facile-it \
    && chown -R facile-it /var/www/facile-it \
 ## Composer
    && curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php -- \
        --install-dir=/usr/local/bin --filename=composer \
        --version 1.7.2

USER facile-it

ARG $GITHUB_TOKEN
                
RUN composer config -g github-oauth.github.com $GITHUB_TOKEN \
    && composer global require \
        --no-suggest --no-interaction \
        hirak/prestissimo \
    && rm -rf ~/.composer/cache

Dockerfile dev

Tool di sviluppo

• xDebug
• Mount volumi
• Node? Container a parte!

FROM docker.facile.it/facile-it/php-base

USER root

RUN apk --no-cache add \
    nano \
    sudo \
    vim \
    wget \
    zsh

RUN apk add --no-cache --virtual .xdebug-build-deps $PHPIZE_DEPS \
    && pecl install -o xdebug \
    && docker-php-ext-enable xdebug \
    && apk del .xdebug-build-deps \
    && pecl clear-cache \
    && docker-php-source delete

COPY conf/xdebug.ini /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/xdebug.ini

USER facile-it
                
## shell custom? altri tool?

Dockerfile prod

Attenzione ai dettagli!

• Cache-friendly
• Sequenza di copia dei file
• SYMFONY_ENV come ARG
• Utilizzo di .dockerignore

node_modules/
var/
vendor/*
.git
.dockerignore
.gitignore
.gitlab-ci.yml
.php_cs.cache
docker-compose*
README.md

FROM docker.facile.it/facile-it/php-base

ARG SYMFONY_ENV=prod
ENV SYMFONY_ENV=$SYMFONY_ENV

ARG COMPOSER_FLAGS="--no-dev --prefer-dist --optimize-autoloader --classmap-authoritative --no-interaction --no-suggest --no-progress --ansi"

COPY --chown=facile-it:www-data composer.* ./
RUN composer install $COMPOSER_FLAGS --no-scripts --no-autoloader \
    && mkdir var

COPY --chown=facile-it:www-data web/app.php web/favicon.ico web/
COPY --chown=facile-it:www-data bin/console bin/
COPY --chown=facile-it:www-data app app
COPY --chown=facile-it:www-data web/build/manifest.* web/build/
COPY --chown=facile-it:www-data src src

ARG RELEASE_SHA
ENV RELEASE_VERSION=$RELEASE_SHA

RUN mv app/config/parameters.yml.$SYMFONY_ENV app/config/parameters.yml \
    && composer install $COMPOSER_FLAGS \
    && bin/console cache:warmup

Dockerfile web server

FROM nginx:1.13.3

COPY docker/prod/nginx/conf  /etc/nginx/

COPY ./web/favicon.ico       /var/www/facile-it/web/
COPY ./web/bundles           /var/www/facile-it/web/bundles/
COPY ./web/build             /var/www/facile-it/web/build/

Build automatica

Continuous Integration
&
Continuous Delivery

Obiettivo: pipeline di test & deploy

Docker in Docker

• Cos'è?
  Demone Docker dentro un container Docker
• Perché?
  La build è bloccante
  Problemi di isolamento e concorrenza

Build, tag & push

• Registry privato
• Cache di build? docker pull
• Quale strategia di tag?
  NB: i tag sono link

Docker Compose CI config

version: '3.2'

services:
  php-base:
    image: ${PHP_BASE_IMAGE}

  php-prod-latest:
    image: ${PHP_PROD_IMAGE}:latest

  php-prod:
    image: ${PHP_PROD_IMAGE}:${CI_COMMIT_SHA}
    build:
      dockerfile: docker/prod/php/Dockerfile
      context: .
      args:
        SYMFONY_ENV: prod
        RELEASE_SHA: $CI_COMMIT_SHA
      cache_from:
        - ${PHP_BASE_IMAGE}
        - ${PHP_PROD_IMAGE}:latest

GitLab CI pipeline setup

image: docker.facile.it/facile-it/ci-tools:1.3.1

services:
- name: docker:18.06.1-dind
  alias: docker

variables:
  DOCKER_DRIVER: overlay2
  DOCKER_HOST: tcp://docker:2375
  PHP_PROD_IMAGE: docker.facile.it/facile-it/php-prod
  WEB_PROD_IMAGE: docker.facile.it/facile-it/nginx-prod

before_script:
  - docker login -u gitlab-ci-token -p $CI_JOB_TOKEN docker.facile.it
  - cp docker-compose.yml.ci docker-compose.override.yml

stages:
  - Test
  - Build
  - Deploy
  - Notify / Cleanup

Test jobs

Test with coverage:
  stage: Test
  coverage: '/Lines:\s*\d+\.\d+%/'
  script:
    - docker-compose pull --parallel php mysql
    - docker-compose up -d mysql
    - docker-compose run --rm --no-deps php make ci_test
  except: &skip-tests
    - /^hotfix-/

PHPStan:
  stage: Test
  script:
    - docker-compose run --rm --no-deps php make phpstan
  except: *skip-tests

I branch hotfix-* (da usare solo per emergenze!) permettono di fare deploy senza test

Build immagini prod

Build prod images:
  stage: Build
  script:
    - 'docker-compose pull --parallel --ignore-pull-failures 
        nginx-prod-latest 
        php-prod-latest'
    - 'docker-compose pull --parallel 
        nginx-base 
        php-base 
        yarn'
    - make encore-prod-build
    - docker-compose build php-prod
    - docker-compose build nginx-prod
    - docker-compose push php-prod nginx-prod
  only: &prod-deployable-branches
    - master
    - /^hotfix-.*$/
  cache:
    paths:
      - node_modules/

Deploy!

Deploy:
  stage: Deploy
  script:
  - 'kubectl set image deployment/facile-it-app
        php="${!PHP_IMAGE_VAR}" 
        nginx="${!WEB_IMAGE_VAR}"'
  - kubectl rollout status deployment/facile-it-app
  only: *prod-deployable-branches

Risultato:

$ kubectl set image deployment/facile-it-app php="${!PHP_IMAGE_VAR}" nginx="${!WEB_IMAGE_VAR}"
deployment "facile-it-app" images updated
$ kubectl rollout status deployment/facile-it-app
Waiting for rollout to finish: 1 old replicas are pending termination...
Waiting for rollout to finish: 1 old replicas are pending termination...
Waiting for rollout to finish: 5 of 6 updated replicas are available...
deployment "facile-it-app" successfully rolled out

Grazie per l'attenzione!

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